2012年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 817 英语语言学A卷 适用专业：英语语言文学
I. Explain the following terms. (25%)
1. endocentric construction; 2. denotation; 3. psycholinguistics; 4. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; 5. minimal piars
II. Decide whether each of the given statements is TRUE or FALSE. If it is true, write down A on your ANSWER SHEET; if it is false, write down B on it. (20%)
1. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.
2. Morphemes such as –ing, -ed, -able, are known as inflectional morphemes.
3. The affixes in the English language are traditionally called bound morphemes.
4. In separating langue from parole we are at the same time separating (1) what is social from what is individual; and (2) what is essential from what is accessory.
5. By Saussure, arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
6. Suprasegmentals mainly include syllables, tone, intonation, distinctive features.
7. In English, we can have the syllable structure of CCCVCCCC.
8. By Leonard Bloomfield (1933), word should be treated as “the minimum free form”.
9. The different shapes or phonetic forms of a morpheme are allomorphs of this morpheme, e.g. the different forms of the plural morpheme in English are /s/, /z/, /iz/, and so on.
10. ad, bike, math, etc. are instances of backformation.
11. Noam Chomsky is hailed as the father of modern linguistics.
12. Systemic-Functional grammar consists of the two inseparable components --- Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar.
13. The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.
14. Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.
15. The first stage of TG grammar is the Standard Theory, and the fifth stage of it is the Minimalist Program.
16. Sense refers to the concrete entities with some properties, while reference refers to the abstract properties of an entity.
17. Propositional Logic treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole, while Predicate Logic studies the internal structure of simple propositions.
18. Children’s first words are different in different language environments.
19. Among the three levels of categories, the subordinate level categories are most culturally salient and are required to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.
20. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are closed-class words.
III. Give brief answers to the following questions (30%)
1. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?
2. Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom?
3. What is the relation between arbitrariness and conventionality?
IV. Do the analysis as required (25%)
1. Disambiguate the following sentences, using the tree diagrams. (15%)
(1) John left the book on the shelf.
(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.
(3) Beautiful villages and cities can be seen.
2. Make the componential analysis of the following words. (10%)
(1) chopsticks; (2) teacher; (3) son; (4) take; (5) give
V. Write an essay in about 500 words after reading the following quote (50%)
The word TEXT is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole. We know, as a general rule, whether any specimen of our own language constitutes a TEXT or not. This does not mean there can never be any uncertainty. The distinction between a text and a collection of unrelated sentences is in the last resort a matter of degree, and there may always be instances about which we are uncertain – a point that is probably familiar to most teachers from reading their students’ compositions. But this does not invalidate the general observation that we are sensitive to the distinction between what is text and what is not. (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 1)
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